?What is Roofgarden
The implementation of green space on the roof of the building is called a roof garden. Since the implementation of the roof garden is costly, they usually build a roof garden in valuable buildings.
In fact, it can be said that a roof garden is a garden located on the roof of a building. In addition to decorative benefits, canopy plantings may provide nutrients, temperature control, hydrological benefits, architectural enhancements, habitats or corridors for wildlife, recreational opportunities, and on a large scale may even have environmental benefits. The practice of growing food on the roof of buildings can sometimes be referred to as rooftop agriculture. Rooftop farming is typically done using green roof, hydroponic, aeroponic, or aero-dynaponic systems or container gardens.
Roof gardens are often found in urban areas, but roof gardens are implemented in some luxury villas in rural areas. Plants have the ability to reduce the overall heat absorption of the building, which in turn reduces energy consumption for cooling. The main cause of heat generation in cities is radiation, absorption of solar radiation by roads and city buildings and storage of this heat in building materials and subsequent re-radiation. But plant surfaces are no more than 4-5 °C (7-9 °F) higher than ambient as a result of transpiration, and are sometimes cooler than 20.3 °F), depending on the region on Earth (in warmer regions, The environment gets colder.) A study at the National Research Council of Canada showed the difference between a roof with a garden and a roof without a garden against temperature. This study showed the effects of temperature on different layers of each roof at different times of the day. It is clear that roof gardens are very useful in reducing the temperature effects compared to rooftops without gardens. If widely used, rooftop gardens can reduce the urban heat island, which reduces smog, the problems associated with heat stress and further reduce energy consumption. Apart from resisting thermal radiation, roof gardens are also useful in reducing rainfall. A roof garden can delay runoff. Reduce the amount and volume of runoff. As cities grow, impervious structures such as buildings and paved roads replace permeable substrates. Stormwater runoff and combined sewer overflow incidents are now major problems in many North American cities. A key solution is to reduce peak flows by delaying (eg, roof runoff control) or retaining runoff (eg, rain retention ponds). Rooftop gardens can delay peak flows and retain runoff for later use by plants.
In an accessible rooftop garden, space becomes available for local small-scale urban agriculture, a source of local food production. An urban garden can supplement the diet of the community it feeds with fresh produce and create a tangible link to food production.” [12] At Trent University, there is currently a rooftop garden that provides food for student cafes and It provides local citizens.

Available gardening areas in cities are often seriously lacking, which is probably the key motivation for many rooftop gardens. The garden may be on the roof of an independent building that takes care of its own water and waste. Hydroponics and other alternative methods can increase the possibilities of rooftop gardening by reducing, for example, the need for soil or its extra weight.[13] Planting in containers is widely used in rooftop gardens. Planting in containers prevents more stress on the waterproofing of the roof. One prominent example of a building with a roof garden is the Chicago City Hall.
For those who live in small apartments with little space, square gardening or (when less space is available) green walls (vertical gardening) can be the solution. These use much less space than traditional gardening. These also encourage environmentally responsible practices, eliminating tillage, reducing or eliminating pesticides, and weeding and encouraging waste recycling through composting.
Roofgarden implementation methods
Roofgarden is usually implemented in the following two ways.

- Design and implementation of roof garden in a modular way
The foundation for the construction of this type of roof garden is on the final and finished surface of the roof. The construction of this type of roof garden is very low risk and of course a little more expensive than the second type of roof garden. The way of working is that after the design stages of the gardens are prepared with a special chassis and then the chassis is covered with galvanized sheets all over and ready for embankment and planting of plants. Since the chassis drawing and the construction of the gardens are done on the fully constructed and insulated roof, the risk of water leakage into the lower floors is very low (zero).
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- Roof garden design and implementation in a focused and fixed style
In this style of roof garden implementation, all the gardens and plants are placed directly on the roof. Therefore, the correct implementation and accuracy in the work should be very, very basic. Because the smallest mistake in execution causes heavy damage to the work.
In this way, the vegetation cover is much more than the modular execution style, first the gardens are built with masonry blocks. After that, it is time to install the drain pipes (pipes to drain excess water from the gardens) on the floor of the gardens. After the slope operation, we should completely cover the inside of the gardens with
​​​​​​​Water penetration to the lower floors should be completely blocked. After the implementation of the bituminous layers, it is time to implement the geosynthetic layers, which we have explained in a comprehensive article. And finally, we have to pour the special roof garden soil into the gardens and do the planting operation

The method of watering plants in the roof garden
In all roof gardens, whether modular or fixed, plants should be watered automatically and drip. In this way, one or more electric valves are placed in the way of the water supply pipes of the gardens, and these electric valves receive their opening and closing commands from a computer source called the controller. In our controller, we can enter all desired times to turn off and on the irrigation system in different seasons.
Common elements in Roofgarden
Gazebo
There are usually two types of gazebos in roof gardens.
1- Covered
2- As a semi-covering and canopy-like

fireplace
Fireplaces in roof gardens are implemented in two ways
1- Gas fireplace
2- Charcoal fireplace
barbecue
Barbecue is another inseparable element of roof garden, it is implemented in two ways
1- gas
2- Charcoal
Jacuzzi
Another element that is implemented in slightly more private roof gardens is the jacuzzi. Jacuzzis are usually placed in a portable form in roof gardens without all the necessary equipment such as pumps, heaters, etc. . . have inside themselves and there is no need to build a pump house and . . not be
What is the best soil for a roof garden?
A mixture of mineral perlite and vermicompost and a little fine clay. It is used by professional breeders for many reasons. They make a lightweight planting mix for roof gardens and other areas where conventional soil use poses a weight problem.
What is the most common problem of roof gardens?
The most common problem among them all is that there is usually no water source on the roof. Most types of plants need a lot of water to grow and produce food. Additionally, rooftop plants typically require more water than garden plants because they are fully exposed to sunlight. Also, since the depth of the gardens is not much, the soil of the gardens dries quickly
What are the benefits of Roofgarden?
Without a doubt, one of the most beneficial benefits of a roof garden is thermal performance, and it's amazing how much of a difference it can make. One of the biggest problems that a conventional roof faces is poor insulation, which leads to significant heat loss in the winter and overheating conditions in the summer months. By implementing roof garden, energy loss is reduced to a great extent
How much is the roof garden slope normally?
In the design of roof gardens, the slope of the roof plays a very important role, where a slope of 1:12 helps in natural drainage and reduces the accumulation of water in places. But when looking at pitched roofs like roof gardens, getting enough humidity for plant growth becomes a problem beyond 25-30 degrees.
Roof garden construction steps
First, you should evaluate the loading capacity of your roof to build a roof garden. Load capacity is the amount of weight your roof structure can support. This includes plants, nurseries, furniture, equipment, visitors and weather loads such as snow. Contact a structural engineer to evaluate your garden roof and how much it can withstand
A structural engineer can also advise you on basic garden designs and how to work around potential obstructions (such as chimneys).
Check the roof garden construction permit of your city. Before starting construction, review your municipal building codes to make sure roof gardens are allowed in your area. Your area may have restrictions on the height of your garden, how to use the roof space, and whether you are allowed to build a roof garden at all.
If you rent your home, contact your landlord for permission before building your roof garden.
Control your building's sunlight. Depending on the plant, your roof garden needs 6 to 8 hours of sunlight per day. Pay attention to sunlight patterns over a 1-2 week period to make sure your roof's sunlight is not blocked by other buildings.
Try to monitor the sunlight in the morning, noon and evening to get an accurate understanding of how the sunlight changes throughout the day.
Plan for wind exposure. The wind is usually stronger on the roof than on the ground, especially if your building is multi-story. Excessive wind can severely damage or even kill plants. If you notice high winds on your roof, structural windbreaks (such as railings) may be necessary. These structures protecting plants against the wind are usually called rotball structures
You can monitor wind exposure with an anemometer, anemometer, or by standing on a roof and experiencing the weather for yourself.
Because wind can dry out the soil, your plants will need frequent watering.
Draw your roof garden plan with computer. Create a general plan of your garden using a diagram or map paper and determine where to place plants and furniture. It will keep your roof tidy as you start building your garden. If you change your mind about something, you can always go back and redesign it.
To keep the design to scale, decide in advance how much space each square will represent on the graph paper. Estimate the overall size of your roof or measure it yourself, then base the drawing on your measurements.
Look for drought and heat resistant plants. wind and

Roofgarden and its design and implementation